
Hoskinson, ever the architect of layered metaphors, divided the ecosystem into three tiers: infrastructure, utility, and experience. The first, he explained, is where one finds nodes, languages, and scaling solutions like Hydra-essentially the digital equivalent of a skeleton. The second, utility, is the DApp and DeFi stack, which, if it were a dinner party guest, would arrive empty-handed. The third, experience, is the user-facing layer-wallets, onboarding, content, and brand. Alas, Cardano, in its infinite wisdom, has spent decades gorging on the skeleton while leaving the dinner party and the guests in a state of genteel starvation.